feat: add Docker support for automated deployment

Dockerfile.backend

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# 医院绩效考核系统 - 后端 Dockerfile
+FROM python:3.10-slim
+
+# 设置工作目录
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# 设置环境变量
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
+    PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
+
+# 安装系统依赖
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    gcc \
+    postgresql-client \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# 复制依赖文件
+COPY backend/requirements.txt .
+
+# 安装 Python 依赖
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+# 复制后端代码
+COPY backend/ ./backend/
+WORKDIR /app/backend
+
+# 构建参数
+ARG DATABASE_HOST
+ARG DATABASE_PORT
+ARG SECRET_KEY
+ARG DEBUG
+
+ENV DATABASE_HOST=${DATABASE_HOST} \
+    DATABASE_PORT=${DATABASE_PORT} \
+    SECRET_KEY=${SECRET_KEY} \
+    DEBUG=${DEBUG}
+
+# 创建日志目录
+RUN mkdir -p logs
+
+# 暴露端口
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+# 健康检查
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
+    CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/api/v1/health')" || exit 1
+
+# 启动命令
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000", "--workers", "4"]